Agriculture contributes >9% of US total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nitrous oxide, CO2, and methane from soil management is the biggest GHG contributor. There is a need to reduce the carbon intensity of biomass feedstocks. A team of researchers have launched a project tro answer questions such as, do cover crops let producers sustainably remove more residues? How does cover crop introduction impact farm budgets? Can cover crops and biochar work together to replace the short and long term soil carbon lost by residue removal? William Smith of Idaho National Laboratory led the presentation team at DOE Project Peer Review.