Low-cost carbon resources (agricultural residues, forest residue, and non recyclable municipal and industrial wastes) exhibit consistent challenges. Inherent physical and chemical variability in feedstocks result in excessive process downtime, and uncontrolled costs with documented failures in the industry as a whole. Common industry milling operations do not address core problems such as: fines, contaminants, and particle size and shape differences which impact conversion efficiency and handling. A team of researchers have designed a project to address these needs. Neal Yancey, R&D Operations Manager at the Biomass Feedstock National User Facility at Idaho National Laboratory led the presentation team at DOE Project Peer Review.